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See how the world voted! View the top 100 moments in history.
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President Obama recently announced plans to scrap NASA’s Constellation moon-landing project and to redirect funding toward programs that will lay the groundwork for a 2030 Mars expedition. This month JOM asks, what is the impact of the new priorities for NASA?
• The United States will lose its status as a worldwide leader of human spaceflight
• Scientific advancement will be stalled as R&D funding is redirected
• Commercial space launch services will be stimulated to fill the void left by NASA’s new priorities
• The U.S. space program will ultimately be better positioned for deep space exploration
The poll is conducted via the JOM Reader Zone of the TMS Discussion Board. |
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JOM MAY 2008
VOLUME 60, NO.05
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![May 2008 Cover: At the TMS 2008 Annual Meeting in New Orleans, volunteers started their week building, painting, and planting to brighten up the campus of the Hurricane-Katrina-damaged Mary D. Coghill Elementary School. To show their appreciation, the Coghill students did some design work of their own in the form of thank-you cards. A sampling is shown on the cover. Volunteers might recognize the multicolored planters and the painted pawprints among the projects that were completed that day. More annual meeting photos and coverage can be found starting on page 6, and some participants’ final thoughts on the benefi ts of such projects are in End Notes on page 72. [Click to enlarge]](http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/jom/0805/cover-0805.gif)
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Developments in Titanium
Developments in Aluminum |
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Open Source Software for Materials and Process Modeling
By: Adam C. Powell IV and Raymundo Arroyave
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Developments in Titanium: Titanium Committee
Michael W. Peretti, GE Aviation
Developments in Aluminum: Aluminum Committee
Pierre P. Homsi, Alcan Primary Metal Group |
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Published monthly by The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society for its members, JOM is a technical journal devoted to exploring the many aspects of materials science and engineering.
The 11th World Conference on Titanium (Ti-2007)
[p. 40
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Author(s): M. Ashraf Imam
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The International Conference on Titanium was begun in 1968 to assess the national significance attached to the development of titanium in relation to the technical needs of the countries participating in this conference. The conference, held every four years, attracts strong international participation. This article reviews the 11th World Conference on Titanium, hosted by the Japan Institute of Metals and held in Kyoto, Japan, 3–7 June 2007.
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Engineered Porous Metals for Implants
[p. 45
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Author(s): B. Vamsi Krishna, Weichang Xue, Susmita Bose, and Amit Bandyopadhyay
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Interest is significant in patient-specific implants with the possibility of guided tissue regeneration, particularly for load-bearing implants. For such implants to succeed, novel design approaches and fabrication technologies that can achieve balanced mechanical and functional performance in the implants are necessary. This article is focused on porous load-bearing implants with tailored micro- as well as macrostructures using laser-engineered net shaping (LENS™), a solid freeform fabrication or rapid prototyping technique that can be used to manufacture patient-specific implants. This review provides an insight into LENS, some properties of porous metals, and the potential applications of this process to fabricate unitized structures which can eliminate longstanding challenges in load-bearing implants to increase their in-vivo lifetime, such as in a total hip prosthesis.
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Stress-Corrosion Cracking in Aluminum Beverage Can Ends--Issues, Observations, and Potential Solutions
[p. 50
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Author(s): S.K. DeWeese, S.T. Ningileri, S.K. Das, and J.A.S. Green
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This paper examines the current status of stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) in the manufacturing and use of 5182 aluminum beverage can ends. Stress-corrosion cracking failures of the aluminum easy-open ends is an infrequent and undesirable failure encountered with filled beverage containers. Although SCC is responsible for a relatively small percentage of aluminum beverage can failures each year, it is still a concern to can manufacturers, fillers, and distributors. A change in SCC failure mode from transgranular to intergranular SCC has been observed in 5182 aluminum beverage can ends. This has been observed since the introduction of new end designs with higher stress promoting SCC fractures. The transition of cracking mode is attributed to both anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement. In this paper, these mechanisms are discussed including fractography evidence, identifying the probable causes and solutions. Some suggestions are made to mitigate the tendency for SCC at the fillers.
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The Effect of the Addition of Fine Andalusite Particles in Refractory Bricks on Gaseous Corrosion
[p. 58
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Author(s): P. Prigent, M.L. Bouchetou, J. Poirier, and P. Hubert
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In the past, the mechanisms of corrosion in refractory materials used in the flue wall of anode baking furnaces have been poorly understood. To better understand the processes of degradation, a study of corroded refractories from anode baking furnaces was conducted. This study found that all refractory bricks contain fine andalusite particles in the matrix and fireclay as aggregates. The first stage of corrosion is the penetration of gaseous sodium, coming from recycled anodes, through the porosity of materials. Then, at high temperature, sodium becomes oxidized and is included in the liquid phase. The sodium-rich liquid phase corrodes the refractory material, in particular mullite networks. To understand why the andalusite mineral is used in the refractory materials, a corrosion test able to simulate the gaseous corrosion of materials at laboratory scale was developed. Several recipes, composed of andalusite or fireclay, were submitted to the corrosion test. The microstructural observations showed that the matrix is more sensitive to corrosion. Thus, the use of a raw material such as andalusite in the matrix is advised in order to reduce the gaseous sodium corrosion of fireclay based bricks.
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Materials Bowl
[p. 16
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Author(s): Maureen Byko
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We can’t offer the cheering crowds, official game-show buzzers, or cheerful (???) master of ceremonies. No, the excitement of a Materials Bowl contest can never be captured on the pages of a magazine. However, the brain-straining questions can be. On the following pages JOM offers readers a chance to enjoy the challenge of the TMS Second Annual Materials Bowl by presenting a number of the questions used in game competition.
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Web 2.0: What Does It Mean to TMS Today . . . and Tomorrow?
[p. 22
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Author(s): Diran Apelian
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Web 2.0 is a new modality in learning, communicating, interacting, and connecting, and also represents an array of new challenges and opportunities for a networking organization like TMS. We need to engage our members and strengthen our volunteer organization (both present and future volunteers) by effective use of Web 2.0.
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Ferrous Arrowheads and Their Oil Quench Hardening: Some Early Indian Evidence
[p. 25
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Author(s): R.K. Dube
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A wide variety of ferrous arrowheads were in use in ancient India. Several typical chemical analyses of arrowheads found from archaeological excavation carried out at Kaushambi are reported in this paper. The average carbon content of these arrowheads varied from as low as 0.1 wt.% to approximately 0.9 wt.%. Literary evidence for oil quench hardening of ferrous arrowheads, as reported in famous Sanskrit epics--the Ramayanna and the Mahabharata--have been discussed in this paper. This type of quench hardening was intentionally adopted as it helped in preventing distortion and formation of quench cracks in arrowheads. The oil quench-hardened arrowheads were rubbed on stones to sharpen them, which also brought about tempering of martensite due to frictional heat.
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Open Source Software for Materials and Process Modeling
[p. 32
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Author(s): Adam C. Powell IV and Raymundo Arroyave
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Though open source engineering analysis tools have not been widely deployed, several of them have recently reached a point of maturity and usability in industry. This article focuses on the use of open source tools for modeling of materials and materials processes in particular. After defining open source software, it presents two case studies, surveys open source tools aimed at modeling of materials behavior and processes at multiple length and time scales, and discusses future prospects and application areas for open source tools.
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Member News
[p. 15
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Author(s):
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Mark E. Schlesinger, a professor at the Missouri University of Science and Technology, was named the inaugural recipient of the TMS/University Materials Council Education Resource Award at the TMS 2008 Annual Meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana. Other divisional winners included Sufian Abedrabbo for the Electronic, Magnetic & Photonic Materials Division; Adam C. Powell IV, Rachel DeLucas, and Uday Pal for the Materials Processing & Manufacturing Division; and Garry Warren for the Structural Materials Division.
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Foundation News
[p. 24
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Author(s):
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At a meeting of more than 3,700 materials scientists and engineers, eight young professionals were given the opportunity to learn the ins and outs of TMS and to network with leaders of the society through the Young Leader Professional Development Award program. Here, the award recipients reflect on their experiences at the TMS 2008 Annual Meeting in New Orleans.
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In the Final Analysis
[p. 4
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Author(s): James J. Robinson
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In this month’s JOM, we look back at March’s TMS Annual Meeting, which was held in a very welcoming New Orleans, Louisiana. Our reminiscence includes articles, photos, game cards, and even a few souvenirs, like the thank-you cards that appear on the front cover. For this column’s part, I’ve assembled some highly personalized meanderings to reflect on a sampling of meeting highlights, from an editor’s point of view.
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Upcoming Editorial Topics
[p. 49
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Author(s):
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Technical emphasis topics for August 2008 – December 2008; plus information on how to submit a paper to JOM.
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News & Update
[p. 6
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Author(s):
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Photos and extensive coverage of the TMS 2008 Annual Meeting are featured in this issue of News & Update.
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Book Reviews
[p. 63
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Author(s):
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Featuring reviews of:
- Electrochemistry of Zirconia Gas Sensors written by Serge Zhuiykov; reviewed by Pritish Kar
- Iron Ore 2007, Conference Proceedings; reviewed by Mark E. Schlesinger
- Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations edited by Nader Engheta and Richard W. Ziolkowski; reviewed by Gary Vardon
- Physical Metallurgy & Advanced Materials, 7th Edition written by R.E. Smallman and A.H.W. Ngan; reviewed by Ravi Rungta
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Meetings Calendar
[p. 64
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Author(s):
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A monthly round-up of soon-to-be-held meetings and upcoming calls for papers.
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Materials Resource Center: Jobs, Consultants, Marketplace
[p. 68
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Author(s):
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Positions and services available.
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End Notes: Hands on New Orleans: Getting More Than You Give
[p. 72
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Author(s): Maureen Byko
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During the TMS 2008 Annual Meeting in March, TMS members worked alongside Material Advantage members and other volunteers to paint, build, and plant some life into the drab campus of a New Orleans elementary school. When the work was done, TMS left its mark on the school and the event left its mark on the volunteers. (And, as can be seen on the cover, the students of the school left their mark on JOM.)
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![May 2008 Cover: At the TMS 2008 Annual Meeting in New Orleans, volunteers started their week building, painting, and planting to brighten up the campus of the Hurricane-Katrina-damaged Mary D. Coghill Elementary School. To show their appreciation, the Coghill students did some design work of their own in the form of thank-you cards. A sampling is shown on the cover. Volunteers might recognize the multicolored planters and the painted pawprints among the projects that were completed that day. More annual meeting photos and coverage can be found starting on page 6, and some participants’ final thoughts on the benefi ts of such projects are in End Notes on page 72. [Click to enlarge]](http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0805/cover-0805.large.gif)